The studies on the motives regarding the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, the respective groups’ role in it and notable families distinguished among those groups have remained limited due to the insufficiency of the ...

The institution of witness testimony played a critical role in the Ottoman judicial system. Judges (kadıs) made their final decisions almost solely on the basis of witness testimony. For this reason, great importance was ...

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İnsanların avcılık ve toplayıcılıktan yerleşik hayata ve tarım toplumuna geçtiği dönem olan Neolitik Çağ’da (M.Ö. 8000-5500) ilk defa ticaret başladı. İstanbul, Yenikapı’da bulunan eserler Neolitik Çağ’a aittir. İstanbul, ...

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