Although we have a PhD thesis (Jamil 1985), some independent studies (Kari 1982; el-Menuni 1991; en-Nemle 1995; Said 2000; Ebu Sulcyman 2002) and many articles about the verraks, 1 professionals who copied and sold books ...

By drawing on documents from European archives, this article addresses everyday aspects of diplomacy in sixteenth-century Constantinople. It focuses on how various go-betweens mediated political, cultural, religious, and ...